Clay County was the forty-seventh county in order of formation and is located in the foothills of the Cumberland Mountains of the Appalachian Mountain Range of southeast Kentucky. The county is bordered by Jackson, Owsley, Perry, Leslie, Bell, Knox, and Laurel counties. It was created from Madison, Floyd, and Knox counties on April 1, 1807. Clay County was later divided to form parts of Jackson, Owsley, Leslie, Lee, Breathitt, Knott, Perry, and Harlan counties. It reached its present size, 471 square miles, in 1880.